| Symbol | Usage | Interpretation | Wikipedia | LaTeX | HTML | Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ~ | \(\tilde{a}\) | Reciprocal of \(a\): \(1/a\) resp. \(a^{-1}\) for \(a \ne 0\) (read as “turn”) | Reciprocal | \widetilde{} | U+007E | |
| \(\acute{}\) | \(\acute{a}\) | Decrement of \(a\): \(a – 1\) (read as “dec”) | Increment | \acute{} | U+00B4 | |
| \(\grave{}\) | \(\grave{a}\) | Increment of \(a\): \(a + 1\) (read as “inc”) | Decrement | \grave{} | U+0060 | |
| ^ | \(\hat{a}\) | Double of \(a\): \(2a\) (read as “hat”) | Double | \widehat{} | U+0302 | |
| \(\check{}\) | \(\check{a}\) | Half of \(a\): \(a/2\) (read as “half”) | One half | \widecheck{} | U+02C7 | |
| \(\text{-}\) | \(a\text{-}\) | \(a\) negated: \(a\text{-}\) (read as “neg”) | Minus sign | \text{-} | U+002D | |
| _ | \(z = a + \underline{b}\) | Complex part of \(z\): \(\underline{1}b\) with imaginary unit \(\underline{1}\) (read as “im”) | Imaginary unit | \underline{} | U+005F | |
| \(\nu\) | \({}^{\nu} A\) | greatest finite number: intersection of the complex or real set \(A\) for \({}^{\nu}\mathbb{C} := [-\nu, \; \nu] + \underline{1}[-\nu, \nu]\) | Finite number | \nu | ν | U+03BD |
| \(\omega\) | \({}^{\omega} A\) | greatest mid-finite number: intersection of the complex or real set \(A\) mit \({}^{\omega}\mathbb{C} := [-\omega, \omega] + \underline{1}[-\omega, \omega]\) | Infinite number | \omega | ω | U+03C9 |
| \(\iota\) | \(\iota = \min \mathbb{R}_{>0}\) | smallest positive real number | Positive number | \iota | ι | U+03B9 |
| \({}^n\) | \({}^n a = a^{(n)}\) | \(n\)-th derivative of \(a\) (read as “n of a”) | Derivative | {}^n | ||
| \({}_b\) | \({}_b a = \log_b a\) | Logarithm to base \(b\) for \(a \in \mathbb{C} \setminus \mathbb{R}_{\le 0}\) (read as “b log a”) | Logarithm | {}_b | ||
| \({}_1\) | \({}_1 x = x/||x||\) | Unit vector to \(x \ne 0\) | Unit vector | {}_1 | ||
| \(\infty\) | \(\infty \gg \tilde{\iota}^2\) | Replacing \(\pm0\) by \(\pm\widetilde{\infty}\) | Infinity | \infty | ∞ | U+221E |
| \({}^{\pm}\) | \({}^{\pm}A = A \cup \{\pm\infty\}\) | Extended complex (real) set \(A \subseteq \mathbb{K}\) | Extended real number line | \pm | ± | U+00B1 |
| \(\mathbb M\) | \({\mathbb{M}}_{\mathbb{R}} = {}^{\omega}{\mathbb{R}} \setminus {}^{\nu}{\mathbb{R}}\) | mid-finite numbers: \({\mathbb{M}}_{\mathbb{C}} := {\mathbb{M}}_{\mathbb{R}} + \underline{\mathbb{M}}_{\mathbb{R}}\) | Infinite set | \mathbb{M} | 𝕄 | U+1D544 |
| \({}^{\dot{}}\) | \(\dot{A}\) | point-symmetric set \(A\) (read as “point”) | Point symmetry | \dot | ˙ | U+02D9 |
| \({}^\prime\) | \(A’\) | Complement of the set \(A\) (read as “comp”) | Complement | \prime | U+0027 | |
| \(\complement\) | \(\complement_{(m=)1}^{n;s} a_m\) | Concatenation (read as “con”) of the \(a_m\) to \(a_1, \dots, a_n\) with step width \(s\) (read as “step”) – analogies exist for \({\LARGE{\textbf{+}}}, {\LARGE{\textbf{$\pm$}}}, {\LARGE{\textbf{$\mp$}}}\) and \({\LARGE{\textbf{$\times$}}}\) instead of \(\complement\) | Concatenation operator | \complement | ∁ | U+2201 |
| \(\leftharpoonup\) | \(\overset{\leftharpoonup}{a}\) | Predecessor of \(a\) (read as “pre”) | Predecessor | \leftharpoonup | U+21BC | |
| \(\rightharpoonup\) | \(\overset{\rightharpoonup}{a}\) | Successor of \(a\) (read as “post”) | Successor | \rightharpoonup | U+21C0 | |
| \(\upharpoonleft\) | \(a{\upharpoonleft}_n\) | \(n\)-fold repetition of \(a\) in the form \((a, … , a)^T\) (read as “rep”) | Repetition | \upharpoonleft | U+21BF | |
| \(\upharpoonright\) | \(a{\upharpoonright}_k\) | Projection of \((a_1, … , a_n)^T\) onto the \(k\)-th entry \(a_k\) (read as “proj”) | Projection | \upharpoonright | U+21BE | |
| \(\downarrow\) | \(\downarrow x\) | Differential of \(x\) (read as “down”) | Differential | \downarrow | ↓ | U+8595 |
| \(\uparrow\) | \(\uparrow f(x)\downarrow x\) | Integral of \(f(x)\) (read as “up”) | Integral | \uparrow | ↑ | U+8593 |
| \(\Box\) | End of proof | Proof | \Box | U+25A1 | ||
| \(\triangle\) | End of definition | Definition | \triangle | Δ | U+2206 |
© 2024-2025 by Boris Haase